Question 1

Explain Eric Erikson's stage of initiative versus guilt. Provide an example of initiative and an example of guilt as it is used by Erikson.

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Question 2

Which of the following refers to activities engaged in for pleasure that include rules and often involve competition with one or more individuals?

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Question 3

This theorist suggested that children internalize their parents' standards of right and wrong in order to reduce anxiety and avoid punishment.

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Question 4

According to Jean Piaget, this is the first stage of moral development where children think of justice and rules as unchangeable properties of the world.

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Question 5

Television is still the elephant in young children's media life, with 2- to 4-year-old children watching TV approximately _____ hours per day.

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Question 6

This theory states that children's gender development occurs through observing and imitating what other people say and do, and through being rewarded and punished for gender-appropriate and gender-inappropriate behavior.

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Question 7

This theorist, a leading expert on sibling relationships, described three important characteristics of sibling relationships: emotional stability, familiarity and intimacy, and variation.

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Question 8

Young children's self-descriptions are typically unrealistically positive. Why is that?

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Question 9

Tobias's parents are very demanding and show little warmth. They have a "My way or the highway" kind of approach to parenting. What parenting style are they displaying?

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Question 10

A kind of play that involves repetition of behavior when new skills are being learned or when physical or mental mastery and coordination of skills are required for games or sports.

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Question 11

This theorist proposed that gender differences result from the contrasting roles of men and women in societies where women have less power and status than men and control fewer resources.

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Question 12

This theorist has proposed four classifications of parenting involving combinations of acceptance and responsiveness on the one hand and demand and control on the other.

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Question 13

Parents who monitor their children's emotions, view their children's negative emotions as opportunities for teaching, and assist children in labeling their emotions.

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Question 14

A parenting technique for handling misbehavior in children. It is characterized by removing the child from a setting that offers positive reinforcement.

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Question 15

_____ play occurs when children engage in the self-regulated creation of a product or a solution.

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Question 16

This theorist stated that the psychological stage of childhood was "initiative versus guilt."

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Question 17

The support that parents provide one another in jointly raising a child.

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Question 18

Define self-conscious emotions and provide two examples. What are the two criteria necessary for children to experience self-conscious emotions?

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Question 19

A recent recommendation stated that for children 2 to 4 years of age screen time should be limited to no more than _____ hour per day.

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Question 20

Television continues to have a strong influence on children's development, but children's use of other media and information/communication devices has led to the use of the term _____, which includes how much time individuals spend watching television programs and DVDs, using computers, playing video games, and using mobile media such as iPhones.

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Quiz 6: Socioemotional Development in Early Childhood